The radiation of nodulated Chamaecrista species from the rainforest into more diverse habitats has been accompanied by a reduction in growth form and a shift from fixation threads to symbiosomes.

All non-mimosoid nodulated genera in the legume subfamily Caesalpinioideae confine their rhizobial symbionts within cell wall-bound "fixation threads" (FTs). The exception is the large genus Chamaecrista in which shrubs and subshrubs house their rhizobial bacteroids more intimately within symbiosomes, whereas large trees have FTs. This study aimed to unravel the evolutionary relationships between Chamaecrista growth habit, habitat, nodule bacteroid type, and rhizobial genotype. The growth habit, bacteroid anatomy, and rhizobial symbionts of 30 nodulated Chamaecrista species native to different biomes in the Brazilian state of Bahia, a major centre of diversity for the genus, was plotted onto an ITS-TrnL-F-derived phylogeny of Chamaecrista. The bacteroids from most of the Chamaecrista species examined were enclosed in symbiosomes (SYM-type nodules), but those in arborescent species in the section Apoucouita, at the base of the genus, were enclosed in cell wall material containing homogalacturonan (HG) and cellulose (FT-type nodules). Most symbionts were Bradyrhizobium genotypes grouped according to the growth habits of their hosts, but the tree, C. eitenorum, was nodulated by Paraburkholderia. Chamaecrista has a range of growth habits that allow it to occupy several different biomes and to co-evolve with a wide range of (mainly) bradyrhizobial symbionts. FTs represent a less intimate symbiosis linked with nodulation losses, so the evolution of SYM-type nodules by most Chamaecrista species may have (a) aided the genus-wide retention of nodulation, and (b) assisted in its rapid speciation and radiation out of the rainforest into more diverse and challenging habitats.

Results from Portugal's 2022 report card on physical activity for children and youth.

Background: The purpose of this study is to update results of Portuguese's Report Card on Physical activity (PA) for Children and Adolescents. Methods: The grades were assigned by results derived from the PA and Fitness in Portugal 2021 Portuguese Report Card and corresponds to the third report for the Portuguese children and adolescents. It includes indicators of PA and sedentary behavior (SB) that are common to the GLOBAL matrix 4.0: Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport and Physical Activity, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behaviors, Family and Peers, School, Community and the Environment, Government and Physical Fitness. The search focused on published national evidence/data sources (academia, NGO, governmental) from end 2018 onwards excluding data obtained during the covid-19 pandemic. Results: The grades were assigned as follows: Overall PA (D-), Organized Sport Participation (C-), Active Play (D+), Active Transportation (D-), Sedentary behaviors (C+), Physical Fitness (C), Family and Peers (B), School (A), Community and Environment (B), and Government (B). Conclusion: In line with previous Portuguese Report Cards, a large proportion of Portuguese children and adolescents are not sufficiently active nor fit enough setting urgency for effective strategies. Particular attention should be given to Active play, Active transport and Organized Sports Participation has their grades have decreased. Some actions in selected indicators as Governmental and policy seems promising however results weren't seen yet. Despite the strong support of schools with mandatory curricula in PE no correspondent change is observed in fitness or PA, so more research is needed to find why.

The large mimosoid genus Inga Mill. (tribe Ingeae, Caesalpinioideae) is nodulated by diverse Bradyrhizobium strains in its main centers of diversity in Brazil.

Inga (Caesalpinioideae) is the type genus of the Ingeae tribe in the mimosoid clade. It comprises about 300 species, all trees or treelets, and has an exclusively neotropical distribution, with Brazil as its main center of diversity. In this study, we analyzed the diversity of 40 strains of rhizobia isolated from root nodules collected from ten species of Inga belonging to different types of vegetation in Brazil. Sequences of their housekeeping genes (dnaK, recA, rpoB, gyrB and glnII), 16S rRNA genes, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, as well as their symbiosis-essential genes (nodC and nifH) were used to characterize them genetically. The ability of the rhizobia to form nodules on Inga spp., and on the promiscuous legume siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum) was also evaluated. A multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) combined with an analysis of the ITS region showed that the isolates were distributed into four main groups (A-D) within the large genus Bradyrhizobium. Analysis of the nodC and nifH genes showed that the isolates formed a separate branch from all described species of Bradyrhizobium, except for B. ingae. Most of the tested isolates formed nodules on siratro and all isolates tested nodulated Inga spp. Our results suggest a unique co-evolutionary history of Bradyrhizobium and Inga and demonstrate the existence of potential new species of microsymbionts nodulating this important and representative genus of leguminous tree from the Caesalpinioideae mimosoid clade.

Independência no autocuidado nos doentes com acidente vascular cerebral: contribuição da enfermagem de reabilitação / Independence in self-care in stroke patients: contribution of rehabilitation nursing

Objetivos: Identificar o número de dias necessários à obtenção de ganhos em independência e quais estes ganhos, em indivíduos com acidente vascular cerebral internados num serviço de Medicina Física e Reabilitação, após intervenção do Enfermeiro de Reabilitação. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo e retrospetivo. Analisados os registros de enfermagem referentes aos doentes com acidente vascular cerebral, internados no período de janeiro de 2013 a dezembro de 2014. A colheita de dados realizou-se em instrumento construído para este estudo de análise documental. Resultados: Nos registros de 96 pacientes, constatou-se que na admissão mais de 90% apresentavam algum grau de dependência nos autocuidados de higiene, arranjo pessoal e vestir-se. Na alta mais de 50% adquiriram independência nesses autocuidados. Foram necessários 9 a 28 dias para a aquisição da independência. Conclusão: os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que se verificou a aquisição de ganhos em independência nos três autocuidados estudados. Sugere-se outros estudos que permitam perceber qual o contributo do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Reabilitação para a obtenção destes ganhos. (AU)

Objective: To identify the gains in independence of the individual with stroke admitted to a Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation service. Identify the number of days necessary to obtain gains in independence of the individual with stroke admitted to a Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation service, after intervention of the Rehabilitation Nurse. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive and retrospective study. We analyzed the nursing records of stroke patients admitted from January 2013 to December 2014. Data collection was performed using a grid analysis document. Results: In the records of 96 patients, on admission, more than 90% had some degree of dependency on self-care: hygiene; personal care; dressing. At discharge, more than 50% had acquired independence in self-care. It took 9 to 28 days to acquire independence. Conclusion: The results obtained allowed us to conclude that there was an acquisition of gains in independence in the three studied self-care. More research is suggested to allow us to understand the contribution of the Specialist in Rehabilitation Nurse to obtain these gains. (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar las ganancias en independencia del individuo con accidente cerebrovascular internado en un servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación. Identificar el número de días necesarios para obtener ganancias en independencia del individuo con accidente cerebrovascular internado en un servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, después de intervención del Enfermero de Rehabilitación. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y retrospectivo. Analizados los registros de enfermería referentes a los pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular, internados en el período de enero de 2013 a diciembre de 2014. La recogida de datos se llevó a cabo mediante un modelo de análisis documental. Resultados: Analizados 96 registros de pacientes, se verificó en la admisión más del 90% presentaban algún grado de dependencia en los autocuidados estudiados: higiene, arreglo personal e vestir-se. En el alta más del 50% adquirieron independencia en el autocuidado. Se necesitaron de 9 a 28 días para adquirir la independencia. Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos nos han permitido concluir que en los tres autocuidados estudiados se han obtenido beneficios de independientes. Se sugiere más investigación que permita saber cuál es la contribución del Enfermero Especialista en Enfermería de Rehabilitación para la obtención de estas ganancias. (AU)

Nonsymbolic Comparison in Deaf Students: No Evidence for a Deficit in Numerosity Processing.

It is commonly found that deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) students experience delayed mathematical achievement. The present study used two nonsymbolic comparison tasks to explore the basic numerical skills of DHH students. Nine prelocutive DHH students with cochlear implants and nine hearing students, matched on nonverbal IQ, visual short-term memory, and verbal comprehension, were recruited. The participants performed two different collection comparison tasks with different ratios and under different perceptual conditions. Analyses by task showed similar response times, accuracy, and ratio effects for both groups on the Low Perceptual Condition task, a finding suggesting that the two groups accessed similar representations of quantity. Differences in performance on the simpler High Perceptual Condition task, on which the DHH group showed slower response times, probably were strategic in origin. The results suggest that DHH students have no deficits in basic numerical skills.

Utilidad de una herramienta informática para la adquisición de competencia en razonamiento clínico en logopedia / Usefulness of a computer tool for acquiring skills in clinical diagnostics in speech therapy

El presente trabajo muestra los resultados de una experiencia piloto con una herramienta informática diseñada específicamente para el entrenamiento en diagnóstico clínico denominada Language Assessment Training System (LATS) mediante la resolución de casos clínicos virtuales. El objetivo del estudio fue demostrar la utilidad del LATS para la adquisición de la competencia diagnóstica clínica. La muestra del estudio estuvo formada por 60 estudiantes de 4.° grado de logopedia (edad media=25,2 y Dt=4,11). El estudio siguió un diseño A-A. Los resultados muestran que las competencias en diagnóstico clínico mejoran sustancialmente tras el entrenamiento con la herramienta LATS. Se presenta el estudio y se analizan los resultados del mismo

This study presents the results of a pilot experiment using a computer tool specifically designed to teach clinical diagnostics to students in Speech and Language Therapy. This computer-based tool, called Language Assessment Training System (LATS) focuses on resolving virtual clinical cases. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the usefulness of LATS in acquiring clinical competences in diagnosing speech and language disorders. An experimental study was carried out to test this aim. A group of 60 participants took part in this experiment. These participants were 4th year students of the Speech and Language Therapy course. They had a mean age of 25.2 (SD=4.11) years. The study was conducted on the basis of an A-A design. The results were analysed and interpreted, and show that their skills have improved with the use of this tool

Brazilian species of Calliandra Benth. (tribe Ingeae) are nodulated by diverse strains of Paraburkholderia.

The Chapada Diamantina in NE of Brazil is a biodiversity hotspot and a center of radiation for many Neotropical legume genera, such as Calliandra and Mimosa. The present study aimed to evaluate nodulation in Calliandra species endemic to various environments, and to characterize the diversity of their symbiotic rhizobia using housekeeping (16S rRNA, recA) and plasmid-borne, symbiosis-related (nifH and nodC) genes. The nodulation ability of selected isolates was assessed. All of the 126 bacterial isolates from 18 Calliandra species collected in six different vegetation types were identified as Paraburkholderia according to their housekeeping and symbiosis gene phylogenies. They were grouped in seven clades in relation to the dominant vegetation type in their native environments. The majority, particularly those from highland "campo rupestre" vegetation, were similar to Paraburkholderia nodosa, but had nodC genes identical to the Mimosa symbiont Paraburkholderia tuberum sv. mimosae. The other smaller groups were related to Paraburkholderia diazotrophica and Paraburkholderia sabiae, and some single strains were not close to any known species. The symbionts of Calliandra spp. in NE Brazil are Paraburkholderia strains closely-related to Mimosa symbionts from the same region. NE Brazil is a reservoir of symbiotic Paraburkholderia that have an affinity for genera in the Mimosoid clade.

Diverse genotypes of Bradyrhizobium nodulate herbaceous Chamaecrista (Moench) (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae) species in Brazil.

The genus Chamaecrista comprises more than 330 species which are mainly distributed across tropical America, especially in Brazil (256 spp.), the main center of radiation. In this study, nodulation of herbaceous Chamaecrista species that are commonly found growing in different vegetation types in the north eastern Brazilian state of Bahia was assessed together with the diversity of rhizobia isolated from their root nodules. Genetic characterization of the isolates was performed using molecular markers to examine the phylogeny of their "core" (16S rRNA, ITS, recA, glnII, dnaK and gyrB) and symbiosis-related (nifH, nodC) genomes. Nodule morphology, anatomy and ultrastructure were also examined, as was the capacity of the isolates to form nodules on Chamaecrista desvauxii and siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum). Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the isolates belonged to seven clusters within the genus Bradyrhizobium, and more detailed analyses using sequences of the ITS region and concatenated housekeeping genes grouped the Chamaecrista rhizobia by vegetation type and plant species. These analyses also suggested some potentially novel Bradyrhizobium species, which was corroborated by analyses of their nifH and nodC sequences, as these formed separated branches from all Bradyrhizobium type strains. All the 47 strains tested produced effective nodules on C. desvauxii but none on siratro. Chamaecrista nodules are herein described for the first time in detail: they are indeterminate and structurally similar to others described in the Caesalpinioideae, with infection threads in the invasion and nitrogen fixation zones, and with both infected and uninfected (interstitial) cells in the nitrogen fixation zone.

Quantity processing in deaf and hard of hearing children: evidence from symbolic and nonsymbolic comparison tasks.

Deaf children usually achieve lower scores on numerical tasks than normally hearing peers. Explanations for mathematical disabilities in hearing children are based on quantity representation deficits (Geary, 1994) or on deficits in accessing these representations (Rousselle & Noël, 2008). The present study aimed to verify, by means of symbolic (Arabic digits) and nonsymbolic (dot constellations and hands) magnitude comparison tasks, whether deaf children show deficits in representations or in accessing numerical representations. The study participants were 10 prelocutive deaf children and 10 normally hearing children. Numerical distance and magnitude were manipulated. Response time (RT) analysis showed similar magnitude and distance effects in both groups on the 3 tasks. However, slower RTs were observed among the deaf participants on the symbolic task alone. These results suggest that although both groups' quantity representations were similar, the deaf group experienced a delay in accessing representations from symbolic codes.

Burkholderia species are the most common and preferred nodulating symbionts of the Piptadenia group (tribe Mimoseae).

Burkholderia legume symbionts (also called α-rhizobia) are ancient in origin and are the main nitrogen-fixing symbionts of species belonging to the large genus Mimosa in Brazil. We investigated the extent of the affinity between Burkholderia and species in the tribe Mimoseae by studying symbionts of the genera Piptadenia (P.), Parapiptadenia (Pp.), Pseudopiptadenia (Ps.), Pityrocarpa (Py.), Anadenanthera (A.) and Microlobius (Mi.), all of which are native to Brazil and are phylogenetically close to Mimosa, and which together with Mimosa comprise the "Piptadenia group". We characterized 196 strains sampled from 18 species from 17 locations in Brazil using two neutral markers and two symbiotic genes in order to assess their species affiliations and the evolution of their symbiosis genes. We found that Burkholderia are common and highly diversified symbionts of species in the Piptadenia group, comprising nine Burkholderia species, of which three are new ones and one was never reported as symbiotic (B. phenoliruptrix). However, α-rhizobia were also detected and were occasionally dominant on a few species. A strong sampling site effect on the rhizobial nature of symbionts was detected, with the symbiont pattern of the same legume species changing drastically from location to location, even switching from ß to α-rhizobia. Coinoculation assays showed a strong affinity of all the Piptadenia group species towards Burkholderia genotypes, with the exception of Mi. foetidus. Phylogenetic analyses of neutral and symbiotic markers showed that symbiosis genes in Burkholderia from the Piptadenia group have evolved mainly through vertical transfer, but also by horizontal transfer in two species.

Cardiac resynchronization therapy: can left ventricular lead position make the difference?

The authors report the case of an 82-year-old female patient with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy who developed worsening heart failure functional class despite optimal medical therapy. As the patient met criteria for cardiac resynchronization, a CRT-P device was implanted, but due to technical difficulties, the left ventricular lead was implanted in the anterior coronary vein. In the absence of any benefit from the procedure, a new left ventricular lead was implanted in posterolateral position with good clinical and echocardiographic response.

Travelers on beta-blockers: is malaria chemoprophylaxis dangerous?

Classic antimalarial drugs, particularly quinine and its derivatives, are well known for their potential pro-arrhythmic effects. Recently developed synthetic antimalarials are widely used among travelers for prophylaxis. Nevertheless, their safety is open to question, especially for travelers under common cardiovascular drug therapy. We report the case of a patient admitted for symptomatic high-grade atrioventricular (AV) block, caused by combined therapy with a common malaria prophylactic drug--mefloquine--and a beta-blocker prescribed for a symptomatic arrhythmia. Withdrawal of the beta-blocker led to disappearance of the AV block despite continuation of the malaria prophylaxis. Mefloquine drug interactions are briefly described, particularly in terms of the caution needed in travelers already under beta-blocker therapy in whom antimalarial drug prophylaxis is recommended.

Recurrent syncope--a diagnostic challenge.

Several disorders resemble syncope. According to the European Society of Cardiology guidelines, certain key questions should be addressed during the initial evaluation of a patient presenting syncope. The physician should be alert to important clinical features that suggest the diagnosis and the evaluation strategy. However, syncope remains a diagnostic challenge. The authors report a case of a 60-year-old man admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) complaining of recurrent syncopal attacks that had begun one month before. He had daily transient, self-limited loss of consciousness lasting for seconds or even a few minutes, followed by prompt recovery. The attacks occurred mainly after exercise or urination. Prodromal symptoms were sweating and a sensation of imminent death. He learned to recognize these symptoms, reporting that he could control the duration of the attack by sitting down and voluntarily hyperventilating. He reported no prior pain, palpitations, tongue-biting or urinary incontinence. The episodes were witnessed and no abnormal movements were reported. The patient had been healthy until two months before, when he was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus by his general practitioner after routine analyses. Glycemia was controlled with diet and subcutaneous Actrapid insulin. No history of cardiac, cardiopulmonary, neurological or psychiatric disease was found and he was taking no other medication. On admission to the Emergency Department he was asymptomatic. Clinical examination was normal. The ECG showed sinus rhythm, heart rate of 70 bpm, and left bundle branch block; (LBBB). The chest X-ray was normal. As some medical features suggested a cardiac etiology (post-exercise, LBBB) and others indicated a neurally-mediated reflex syndrome or even situational syncope (after urination), a diagnostic strategy to exclude cardiac cause was adopted, including echocardiogram, and 24-hour ECG monitoring and stress test. The echocardiogram was normal. During Holter monitoring, he reported a syncopal event, in supine position, immediately after urination, and a 50-second period of cardiac arrest with persistent P waves--P-wave asystole--was recorded. Cardiac bradyarrhythmia was thus established as the cause of the syncope and a permanent pacemaker was implanted, with no recurrence of symptoms. This example of an unusually long-lasting cardiac arrest with spontaneous recovery illustrates the non-specific nature of clinical features and how difficult it is to diagnose syncope in an Emergency Department setting. The authors briefly review the topic according to recent guidelines.

La importancia de la co-ocurrencia en el priming negativo asociativo / The importance of the negative associative priming co-ocurrence

En la creciente literatura sobre el priming negativo se ha constatado la existencia de dicho fenómeno para pares de palabras cuya relación es semántica (dos palabras que pertenecen a una misma categoría semántica, o están unidas por una relación subordinada o supraordinada). De hecho, en el trabajo pionero de Tipper (1985) en el que se define por primera vez el priming negativo, dicho autor aborda el priming negativo de naturaleza semántica. Pero tras un análisis pormenorizado de la literatura no se ha encontrado evidencias de priming negativo en pares con relación asociativa. Las explicaciones pueden ser múltiples: por una parte, que este tipo de estímulos cuente con unas características que les hace difícil mostrar la incidencia del priming negativo; por otra parte; que sea necesario la intervención de variables de tipo estratégicas para que dicho fenómeno se pueda observar; o bien, que la fuerza relacional entre los palabras de un par de esta modalidad (asociativo) sea muy inferior a la de los pares con nexo semántico y de ahí que para observar efectos de priming negativo sea necesario incrementar su fuerza relacional. Si esto fuera así, estaríamos aportando evidencias de la importancia de las variables de tipo mnésico al fenómeno del priming negativo. Los datos del presente trabajo se sitúan en esta línea. De hecho se ha constatado la existencia de priming negativo de tipo asociativo al incrementar la fuerza relacional mediante la co-ocurrencia (AU)